Important Factors In Making Decisions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Important Factors In Making Decisions. Answer: Introduction In any business organization themarketing department plays a very significant role as it is the driving force towards the profit maximization as well as sales maximization process. For the purpose of decision making and policy making, it is very important for every company in all industries to carry out market research. Market research helps the management of a company gather relevant and in depth information regarding the industry and the market in tendencies. Internal data and market intelligence are some of the important factors in making decisions regardingmarketing strategies (Zhao, Fan, Hu, 2014). Buying behavior is another important concept in marketing. It is the process of decision making by an individual based on the requirement of an idea, product or service back up and supported by the monetary purchasing power of that person. It is also an emotional and psychological process and hence it is easily influenced or heavily dependent on the internal, external and situational factors(Thompson Prendergast, 2015 ). Indentifying and evaluating the information needed for marketing decision making Internal data and market intelligence Internal data Internal is the data and formation that is gathered from the internal network sources of the company. The purpose of internal data is to understand the market opportunities and problem areas of the company so that a solution and a growth proposition can be planned. In case of a restaurant like Matterhorn it the sources of internal data will be firstly feedback from the customers, mostly it is notices that a book or an electronic device is used to take the inputs of the customers regarding various aspects of the restaurant. This is a gold mine of information and this information can be analyzed in order to understand the advantages and the challenges of the restaurant. Another source of internal information is the accounting, operations and financial records of the restaurant. The inventory records the rate of inflow and out flow of the inventories; the financial records help the company understand the capability of growth and credibility in terms of expansion(H. Davenport, 2014). Market Intelligence It is the gathering, understanding and reviewing of data and information that is already available in the market about the market environment, competitors of the business and growth opportunity and many more. For a restaurant business one important source of market intelligence is internet, smart usage of internet can enable the company and the management to gather a lot of information and insights about the market environment and the competitors. There is a plethora of information that is available in the internet with minimum skills a researcher can gather valuable information for the restaurant. Even menus of other competitors are available in the internet. Public gathering like food festival, food fair etc where competition and target market meet at the same place is a good source of market intelligence. By participating in such public activities gives insightful information to the company regarding many aspects of the business, many times companies even understand their shortcom ing by watching other competition work so closely(Forsgren Sabherwal, 2015). Market research brief Matterhorn has over the years established itself as a cultural hub with a list of clientele who are from diverse background offering the ambience of the setting a multicolor dimension. The menu served by the restaurant is fresh and modest, displaying the best form the natural production of New Zealand. The menus are complemented by a wide range of all types of fine wine. Established in the year 1963, this restaurant has gathered goodwill and appreciation both from the industry and the customers continuously(Greenland, Combe, Farrell, 2016). Research objective To identify the market opportunities and potentials for the betterment of the list of wine that is being served in the restaurant To analyze the business environment To understand the competition To develop a scope and plan for improvement in the list of wine To determine an average price point that existing or potential customers are willing to pay by the bottle or glass Research methodology Depending on the essence and the topic of research the company has to take up a proper planning and strategy to gather information, analyse it and then draw a conclusion. The suitable tools have been opted on the basis of the research aims and objectives that have been stated above. Both secondary and primary research has to be conducted in order to get desirable outcomes of the analysis. For secondary research menus and list of wines that are available with the competitors has to be analysed and a gap has to be recognised in the list that Matterhorn has to offer. Keeping in mind the kind of investment that is possible for the company relevant stack has to be bought. Customers feedback and one on one interview will the potential or existing customers will give an insight of what they expect from the list of wine(Al-Shatanawi, Osman, Ab Halim, 2014). Questionnaire What is your age group? 18- 25 25-45 45-60 What is your gender? Male Female How often do you like to consume wine? Once a week Once in 15 days Once a month What do you prefer? By the glass By the bottle What is the price range that you prefer for a glass of wine? $10-$20 $20-$25 $25 or more Please mention the wine that you think should be included or exempted from the existing menu? An individual comes to a restaurant to enjoy a meal with family or friends, it is unfair to take away from the fun time of the precious customers, hence the questionnaire is kept short and crisp to the point. The questions are not complicated to understand as the language is kept simple. Yet the answers to the questions will give insightful information about the preference of the people. The wine menu has large options to choose form and often people get confused and hence the last question is very important(Sarstedt Mooi, 2014). Factors effecting buying behavior Buying influence factor Individual factors The Age and the personality of an individual is one of the important aspect of personal factor with age a lifestyle choice and preference and mindset changes and with that purchase behavior also changes. Age determines the importance of one product to another and prioritizes it in the purchase process. Personality convinces a person the need or the exemption of a certain product or service that is available. Secondly the occupation of an individual affects the buying decision. For example: the requirement of a notebook is far more important to a student than a person, who is a professional plumber. During segmentation of a market business organizations keep in mind the occupation of the target market as well. Purchasing power is a direct reflection of a persons financial condition and it is one of the main factors that influence buying behavior. An individual may want to buy a lot of things but may not have the purchasing power and hence not end up buying it. Lastly lifestyle of an i ndividual is dependent on the choice of products or services he or she might be interested in using. For example a person who leads an extravagant lifestyle will want to spent money at a spa where is a person who is likes to lead a modest life will save that money for a future use or investment (Arora Banerjee, 2017). External or group factors Friends and family are the most important external group of people who influence the buying behavior of an individual. if a person is interested to buy an item but is confuse with the brand or type of product he or she should invest in, they immediately turn to the friends and family for advice and most of the time end up buying products that are suggested by them. The culture of a person is most of the time the reason how a person behaves in a certain situation, this is also true when it comes to buying behavior. For example, a person who belongs to a western culture will invest in a fine bottle of wine where as people from eastern culture may not find it worthy of spending so much money on. Culture is a very complicated faith of human behavior as it nurtures it and develops a perspective within a human being. Hence culture becomes very important while deciding on the buying behavior of an individual. Society and culture goes hand in hand and the society teaches to use a certain product or service. For example an individual learns how to use cutlery or how to shop from a super market(Kuan, Zhong, Chau, 2014). Reference group of people are under social factors which have significant potential of determining and manipulating consumer behavior. This impact varies from one person to another and also one product to another. The concept of an opinion leader also works in this group. This is a prime reason why brand have ambassadors to endorse their product or services(Chong, Xin, Yushi, 2016). Situational factors Ambience of a restaurant is a perfect example for situational factor which influences buying behavior. A lot of people will want to visit a restaurant in order to experience a unique setting and ambience. The situational factors are not permanent and can be easily changed. Fashion retail outlets design their interior in sync with the theme of the products they are selling example: lingerie items or boho chic or classic etc. It is found that the attractive packing also creates a situational buying factor (Jung Chang, Yan, Eckman, 2014). SWOT Analysis of the menu Strength of the menu The freshness and the high quality raw material ingredients which are used to prepare the food items in the menu are the most important strength of the restaurant. The management of the restaurant has made sure that the raw materials are supplied from trustworthy and credible suppliers so as to keep up with the high quality of the food. Another aspect of the restaurant which can be considered its strength is that the goodwill and popularity of the restaurant is wide spread any collaboration with the company will only enhance the idea about the quality of food and wine that is going to be served. Lastly, the food that is served under the inspection of head Chief Sean Marshall is surely sumptuous and delicious in nature(Bull, et al., 2016). Weakness of the menu One of the prominent weaknesses of the menu is that it is very limited and the vegetarian side of the menu is not as exciting as the non-vegetarian menu. Another weakness of the restaurant is that there are too many wine options to choose form which usually makes the customer confused when it comes to choosing from the long list. It is a restaurant and not a catering business hence it will be difficult for any company to deal with Matterhorn for catering orders. Catering is an additional service that Matterhorn can easily adapt(Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). Opportunities Catering is a new business idea that will fetch good clientele and revenue for the restaurant; it is a great opportunity and a good option for expansion and growth. The goodwill and popularity of the restaurant will help the business to get a good list of clients. Threat The biggest threat to Matterhorn is Ancestral is a restaurant that is headed by renowned award winning Chief and the menu reflects the authenticity in culture and taste exploring modern Cantonese and Sichuan flavors. Concentrating on innovating traditional flavor with textures and contemporary twists chief brings a unique taste to the menu. The popularity and the wide range of alcohol collection of Matterhorn can be the factor of interest for the buying center(Bull, et al., 2016). Take the company international If the management were to take the company international the best option for expansion for a New Zealand company is in Australia. There are several trade facilities and option of benefits available with the expansion in Australia as both the companies have treaties and agreements of international trade and commerce which will mutually benefit the interest of both the countries. There are a lot of Australian companies expanding in New Zealand vice versa. The target market and the psychological as well as behavioral pattern of the target market of both these countries are alike hence Australia will be a good option(Banalieva Dhanaraj, 2013). Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Segmentation Based on the characteristic and requirement criteria companies divide the potential and existing customers into groups this is called market segmentation, by this process companies easily understand the mindset of the people. Theoretically the consumers that the company should be catering should be in the age group of 21-55. These people should be geographically located in wellington, New Zealand. The behavioral patterns of the target group pf people are the ones who want to enjoy a good meal with good music(Venter, Wright, Dibb, 2015). Psychographic division includes people who are willing to spend their money on good food and have a good time with friends or family. Practically the restaurant is open to all food and music lovers, the image of the brand is modest and unpretentious, people visit Matterhorn to have a good time enjoy food irrespective of the age, native country location, occupation etc. It is a wrong concept to think that a restaurant is open to all, behavioral and ps ychographic aspects of segmentation of target market plays a more important role in case of restaurant. If a person is hungry he or she will not end up going to a restaurant, they can also opt to cook at home and enjoy a meal at home. One of the biggest competitions to any restaurant business is the option of cooking at home. Hence, people with good taste in food and music are the basic target segment of the market that Matterhorn focuses on(Venter, Wright, Dibb, 2015). Target Marketing Strategy In order to market the restaurant to the target customers the best option is to keep up to the image that Matterhorn has built throughout. The company has a reputation of being modest and that is what should be the essence of the marketing strategies. The items in the menu are all moderately priced keeping in mind the diverse background of the people who visit Matterhorn. Similarly the wine and cocktail menu also have a choice for everyone. Social media is the platform that is best suited for a place like Matterhorn to communicate with the target audience. Facebook Twitter and Instagram pages should be updated to advertise the musicians who are going to perform at the restaurant(Bublitz Peracchio, 2015). Since the past record show that 70% of the crowd that gathers at the restaurant are young adults social media platform will be the best way to reach the target market. Even paid ads in the social media to promote the page of the restaurant will be a good investment. Keeping in mind the marketing mix theory of the 4Ps the marketing strategy is implemented to get more attention from the people the company wants to attract. Promotion is one of the Ps form the marketing mix and is a significant pillar in from a customer base and maximizing the sale of the restaurant(Bublitz Peracchio, 2015). Perceptual map Figure: Perceptual map Source: Authors Creation Bibliography Al-Shatanawi, H. A., Osman, A., Ab Halim, M. S. (2014). The Importance of Market Research in Implementing Marketing Programs. nternational Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences , 150. Arora, N. Banerjee, N. (2017). Decline of Small Brands of Apparels in India. Factors That Influence Buying Behavior. Banalieva, E. R., Dhanaraj, C. (2013). Home-region orientation in international expansion strategies. Journal of International Business Studies , 89-116. Bublitz, M. G., Peracchio, L. A. (2015). Applying industry practices to promote healthy foods: An exploration of positive marketing outcomes. . Journal of Business Research , 2484-2493. Bull, J. W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., et al. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework. Ecosystem services , 99-111. Chong, X., Xin, G., Yushi, Z. (2016). Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth Marketing via Social Networking Website on Consumers' Group-buying Intention: Considering Mediating Effect of Brand Trust. Technology Economics, , 014. Forsgren, N. ., Sabherwal, R. (2015). Business Intelligence System Use as Levers of Control and Organizational Capabilities. Effects on Internal and Competitive Benefits. Greenland, S. J., Combe, I. A., Farrell, A. M. (2016). Stakeholder preference and stated vs derived importance satisfaction research. International Journal of Market Research , 35-56. Davenport, T. (2014). How strategists use big data to support internal business decisions, discovery and production. Strategy Leadership , 45-50. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Jung Chang, H., Yan, R. N., Eckman, M. (2014). Moderating effects of situational characteristics on impulse buying. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management , 298-314. Kuan, K. K., Zhong, Y. ., Chau, P. Y. (2014). Informational and normative social influence in group-buying: Evidence from self-reported and EEG data. Journal of Management Information Systems , 151-178. Sarstedt, M. ., Mooi, E. (2014). A concise guide to market research. The Process, Data, and. Thompson, E. R., Prendergast, G. P. (2015 ). The influence of trait affect and the five-factor personality model on impulse buying. Personality and Individual Differences , 216-221. Venter, P., Wright, A., Dibb, S. (2015). Performing market segmentation: a performative perspective. Journal of Marketing Management , 62-83. Zhao, Fan, Hu, . (2014). Business challenges and research directions of management analytics in the big data era. Journal of Management Analytics , 169-174.

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All Topics Essay - Learn How to Write an Adult All Topics Essay

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Writing a Scientific Research Paper

Writing a Scientific Research PaperFor those of you who are in the process of writing a scientific research paper, there are a few points that you should take into consideration. This article will explain some of these points and help you out in creating a paper that is well written and interesting.The first point to keep in mind is that your overall structure should be complete. If you are writing an abstract for a conference or a book, make sure that it is a clear and concise one so that people will find it interesting to read.To write a research paper, one of the most important aspects is to give each section its own attention. This will allow you to divide the paper in many different ways, which can have a lot of benefits. One example is that you can use your abstract to explain what the main ideas are for the entire paper.Another thing that you should consider when writing a research paper is that you should ensure that you write things in such a way that your reader does not un derstand anything. It is important that they understand that you have explained what the main ideas are for the entire paper, but at the same time, they should not understand everything that you have written.Next, you should try to take the time to submit your paper to several journals. This will give you the chance to see if any of them accept your paper, but if you are submitting to more than one journal, this will allow you to easily find a journal that is willing to accept your research paper.Finally, you should try to outline your research paper in as much detail as possible. This will allow you to describe in great detail how you did the study, and will help your readers to understand what you are trying to achieve.There are many other points that you should consider when writing a research paper. These points will help you create a well-written paper that will be able to sell your ideas.

Sample Synthesis Essay - Why?

Sample Synthesis Essay - Why?If you're a recent graduate, or are thinking about transferring to a master's degree program, consider writing a sample synthesis essay. By now, you're probably wondering what the point of writing such an essay is. This is a fundamental question, and it's a question that I intend to answer here.First of all, why is writing such an essay a good reason? It's good because it tests your ability to write and to express yourself in a structured way. Of course, students who want to transfer from a less selective program to a more selective one will take an essay test to gauge their strengths and weaknesses. If you've written a good synthesis essay before, however, you'll be able to apply this knowledge to a more rigorous test, so to speak.The second reason is that it's a test of your ability to express your argument. I know, it's very tempting to just read your synthesis essay and discard it. However, I have seen lots of examples where students simply throw away an essay without reading it or listening to it. Writing a synthesis essay makes you go back and think about what you wrote, and whether it's strong enough to stand on its own.Another reason why I'd recommend writing such an essay is because it has a brief lesson at the end. With all the advanced courses out there, you'll want to test your knowledge on the most basic stuff you'll ever need to know. For example, you'll need to learn the history of synthesis chemistry. By writing a brief syntheses lesson at the end of your essay, you're only challenging yourself to learn as much as you can.Finally, writing a synthesis course should make you feel proud. Writing this kind of essay is very similar to an essay from an advanced chemistry course, which you may have taken, but only in your spare time. Writing it in a structured manner makes you feel like you accomplished something - making you want to work even harder next time.So, you can see that I think writing a sample synthesis essay is a good idea for any graduate student. It also seems to make you feel good, which is a good thing in my book.In any case, if you're worried about your grade expectations in your transcript, you should be OK. All you really need to do is write well and then submit it to your program.

sam Essays (361 words) - Herbert Spencer, Biological Evolution

Darwin brought to life the idea that things evolved according to the environment they are in. He also stated that humans were not exempt from this process because, humans, like all organisms, are a part of nature, and thus we are forced to recognize that evolution is natural. This resulted in social Darwinism, a belief that the term ?survival of the fittest? does not only apply to animals, but humanity as well, and led to many other ideas like Eugenics, by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that the poor and insane should be sterilized because they were undeserving of life. Another good example of social Darwinism is Karl Pearson, who believed that some races were superior to others, and the inferior races deserved to die because they would delay the advancement of the human species. Because people trusted more in scientific fact than their own faith this caused many people to have doubts about creationism. The Catholic Church officially rejected evolution because it challenged traditional beliefs that people were created by god. Before Darwin, Catholicism hadn?t really been challenged by scientific fact. This new wave of thinking heavily influenced by Darwin had people believing that religion was a thing of the past. Creationism was how the world was started by god, and Darwin?s theory was that it was done by natural selection. Because religion wasn?t how we came to be on earth, there was no divine intervene. We have no god. Darwin heavily influenced the idea that everything was done through nature, as oppose to a higher power. Because we are just an advanced evolution of animals, we still share some of the same characteristics that they do. This was a big shocker to many because most people during that time were very religious and believed that human nature was kind and loving. They did not want to think that we came from a primitive species. However, there were some that did accept his theory and they helped bring out a new idea that we are animals, and just like our ancestors, we are beasts by nature and we were set upon the earth for no particular purpose.

Limitations on President Essays

Limitations on President Essays Limitations on President Essay Limitations on President Essay Among the specific factors which Newsstands work highlighted are Congress, the Supreme Court, the Constitution and its amendments, the federal system, mass media, pressure groups and the federal bureaucracy. Imperial presidency The term the imperial presidency gained popularity in the early sass as a consequence of Arthur Schlesinger book in 1973. Schlesinger charts the abuse of power by successive twentieth-century presidents, in particular Lyndon Johnson (1963-69) and Richard Nixon (1969-74), which was due to the growth of the US presidency since the sass. In 1964, during the Vietnam War, Congress passed an authorization, the Tonic Gulf Resolution which states that Congress approves and purports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. This wasnt so much a power grab by Lyndon Johnson as an abdication of the power of Congress as it was a blank queue which President Johnson took as the moral and equal equivalent of a declaration of war. The president is as imperial as the Congress, the press and the public allow him to be therefore there are effective limitations on the presidents power. In the President f the united States (1990), British academic David Mervin states his belief that the concept of the imperial presidency was always something of a click as it up images of the president as an emperor, a supreme sovereign authority, a master of all he survey which is clearly not the case. In that sense the debate about the imperial presidency in US politics parallels closely the debate in the I-J about the position of the prime minister as an elective dictatorship a term coined by Lord Hails in the same decade. In Sam Athenians article in the Wall Street Journey of 27th December 2002, he illustrates some of the problems associated tit the imperial presidency debate. Athenians concludes the imperial president not a useful idea. It is an epithet, dredged up whenever a president combines strength with imagination. Presidents are, in sum, leaders not rulers which means of course, they are not imperial at all. Offices of persuasion Professor Richard Nauseated writes presidential power is he power to persuade. Where the I-J prime minister can wield real power, the US president must usually persuade: the prime minister commands; the president influences. In 2003, George W Bush proposed a $726 billion tax cut to Congress, one in which his Republicans had a charity in both Houses but the President headed out of Washington on a tour of targeted states to rally support for his proposal. The president uses formal and informal management techniques in an attempt to give their priorities an advantage in the Washington policy process. The Executive Office of the President has grown substantially since it was established in 1939, and now includes dozen separate units, including such important elements as the National Security Council, the Council of Economic Advisors and the Office of Management and Budget. These units have a role in bringing together expertise to help and support efficient administration-led policy making and implementation making it an ineffective limitation on presidential power. Tim Homes (2000) points out that the different political context within which presidential administrations operate and the electorate advantages with which an administration starts provide an individual framework of constraint on the presidential ability to persuade. Supreme Court The Supreme Court plays a vital role in checking and controlling the powers of the presidency. The court can damage a president and negate a particular activity. An example of this is shown with Roosevelt over his Court packing scheme which would eave enlarged its and curtailed the power of older members. The Supreme Court has power to argue against a bill if it is against the US Constitution. In the case of Ursula v Bush (2004), the Supreme Court ruled that the detainees at Augmentation Bay did have access to the US federal courts to challenge their detention, thereby striking down an important part of the Bush administrations legal policy regarding the war on terror. In 2005, when Bush approved unauthorized spying on US citizens after 9/1 1, the Supreme Court challenged this bill as it violated the Constitution. Charles Evans Hughes, the 1 lath Chief Justice of the Supreme Court once said, We are under a Constitution, but the Constitution is what the Judges say it is. Since Mammary v Madison 1803 established the doctrine of Judicial review, the Supreme Court has been able to limit presidential powers by shaping the parameters of the Constitution to bring about social and legal change. The Supreme Court is effective in limiting the presidents powers as it is expected to be a Judicial body which is politically impartial and which must attempt to transcend passing political passions an uphold the eternal values of the Constitution. In the spirit of the British constitution, the premiership is undergoing change through the force of practice and convention. The result is of pure derivative of institutional authority or established arrangements of power so much as a qualitative shift in form and interior substance that transcends the formal infrastructure of Britains political system. In the I-J, the Courts are able to limit the powers of the prime minister through Judicial review. However the absence of a codified constitution makes Judicial review not so far-reaching. In particular, edges cannot overturn Acts of Parliament because of the principle of parliamentary sovereignty. Nevertheless they can determine the lawfulness of actions that are carries out on the basis of delegated legislation. This can be seen as an ineffective limitation on the presidency as some Presidents have the opportunity to elect new judges if a vacancy arises. Although the Supreme Court was able to limit Bushs power with regards to spying on US citizens, he was given the opportunity to elect 2 Republican Justices. Congress The president needs congressional support, and in the more assertive mood of Congress in recent years incumbents have found this difficult to achieve even with their own party in Control. Faced by hostility from Congress, Bush and Clinton in his last 6 years had difficulties in carrying out aspects of their programmer, resulting in gridlock, a situation in which the two branches of government were locked inch conflict. The tendency of Congress to appoint special prosecutors to probe every aspect of a presidents affairs, and the relentless media interest which this creates, have paralyzing impact on presidential policy. Investigations drag on, seemingly for artisan reasons, and there is always the ultimate borrow of the threat of impeachment. Although the case against Clinton originated in a sexual harassment case concerning Paula Jones, he east impeached as Silicons answers regarding his relationship with Monica Leninism, a former White House intern, were untruthful and the perjury involved enabled the Republican persecutor, Kenneth Starr, to recommend that President Clinton should be impeached in 1999. Four articles of impeachment were laid down before the House Judiciary Committee which in December 1998 voted to approve further action on all of them namely; Article 1 hearing perjury before Ken Stars federal grand Jury, Article 2 charging perjury in the Paula Jones deposition, Article 3 charging obstruction of Justice in the Paula Jones case and article 4 charging failure to respond to the 81 questions posed by the House Judicial Committee during the impeachment inquiry. Congress is an effective limitation on the presidency and powers vested within it as Congress function of oversight of the executive branch and has powers to subpoena documents and testimony, hold individuals in contempt if they fail to comply with Congresss demands. However unlike in the British Parliament, the executive is not present so there is no opportunity for Question Time in Congress. It is only in the committee rooms where members of the executive branch can be questioned so despite the whole of the executive branch being limited by Congress, limitations on the resident himself and his powers. The US Congress has more of difficult role in limiting the powers of the president and calling him to account than Parliament has simply because the executive branch arent members of the legislature as seen in the I-J. Federal bureaucracy Although the president has plenty of constitutional authority, he is limited by the federal bureaucracy. The federal bureaucracy has three principle functions, executing laws, creating rules and adjudication. The constitution states in Article 2 section that the president shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed and is the main reason why the president needs the federal bureaucracy. No modern president seems to have been able to stop and tame the bureaucracy, as a result the majority of the agencies created since the sass have survived intact into the twenty- first century. American writers burns et al make a series of fair observations when they write of one of the persisting paradoxes of the American presidency On the one hand, the institution is too powerful, and on the other, it is always too weak. It is too strong because in many ways it is contrary to the ideals of government by the people and decentralization of power. It is too weak because presidents seldom are able to keep the promises they make. The president is limited by the federal bureaucracy as it is the federal bureaucracy who are required to write the specific rules that decide how the laws will be executed. When compared to the I-J, the civil servants are in control, serving any government impartially, whatever its political complexion. They must carry out decision with which they personally may disagree and not involve themselves in any partisan activity. The issue regarding the federal bureaucracy is problematic as the problem of management and control of bureaucracies has become a central issue of modern democratic government. In addition, the federal bureaucracy is said to be insufficient especially due to the response of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to hurricanes Strain and Rata in 2005. Pressure groups Presidency groups can mobiles public opinion either for or against the president himself or his policies. President Clinton experience this in 1993-93 over his proposed healthcare reforms. The Health Insurance Association of American that aired the highly effective series of Harry and Louise commercials which went a long way to skippering the Presidents proposals by turning public opinion against them. Edward Achebe and Engel Seafood (1999) identified another close link between producer groups and the executive branch. Pressure groups are an effective limit n the presidents powers as they are able to use their representative function to ensure the president doesnt abuse his powers. Interest groups remain a powerful force in American politics as they continue to organize and represent significant sections of the community. As a result, they will continue to have a privileged claim on the attention of the executive branch and the president himself. In the I-J, pressure groups seek to influence and limit the power of the prime minister as they are the heart of the core executive which develop and make government policy. However pressure groups are ineffective as they priorities the need to shape the content of public policy. This was demonstrated with the National Farmers Union which works with the Department for Rural Affairs in implementing policies related to farm subsidies, disease control and animal welfare. Problems arise with pressure groups as they can be seen as being incompatible with a pluralist society where political resources and access to government are spread widely in the hands of many diverse groups. Pressure groups are fostering an elitist view of society in which lattice resources are in the hands of few not many. Media Administrations have taken media relations seriously for many years. Before the advent of the electronic media, successive presidential administrations had on occasion suffered from adversarial press coverage, and benefited from supportive reporting. What the media reports and say can have a profound limit to what presidents can do. President Theodore Roosevelt was an active campaigner for his policies, and believed that press dissemination of his energetic and well-structured speeches could act to maintain his proposals high on the public agenda, even to the extent of appealing directly to the public in an attempt to influence the congressional receptiveness to presidential initiatives. Newsstands analysis is central to the scholarship of the presidency, but it is not universally accepted. Among the dissenters, Charles O. Jones 1994, similarly accepts that the presidents authority is limited but Jones is not convinced by Newsstands argument that the resources exist whereby the system can in practice be adapted to become presidency-centered. This alternative to the Nauseated view points out the presidents media centrality is a result f recent developments in the communications industry, rather than the consequence of presidential actions, and argues that focusing in the president as the pivot of American government ignores the more complex reality of how American government operates. This indicates an individual level of constraint on the presidents powers. The media is an effective limit on presidential power as it assists with the success of a policy campaign. Success of this kind has proved a valuable asset in the longer term by enhancing an administrations reputation for influencing public opinion and political outcomes. In comparison, the media in the UK is becoming more critical of politicians. This was evident in battles between the Blair government and the BBC over allegations that, in the run-up to the Iraq War, the government had sexed up a dossier emphasizing the military threat posed by Iraq to the I-J. The medias coverage of politics has become more difficult for prime ministers to manage due to a tendency to hype, blurring if facts and interpretation and television increasingly following print media in its style of political and current affairs coverage. In British politics, Estelle Morris seemed like a misfit because she acted as a normal human being. When eccentrics are put in charge of a set of institutions, they will obviously modify their behavior to some extent; but they are likely to cause far more modification to the institution they inherit. Robbers arise as the presidency has not only an advantage in attracting media attention but that it also applies considerable resources to spin that attention to its greatest advantage. For all the work that goes into maintaining and developing the presidents media centrality this cannot be counted on always to offer the same potential and there are indications that media coverage of hard news, political news and the presidency itself has declined in recent years. Conclusion To conclude, there are very effective limitations on the presidents powers as the Founding Fathers intended whilst writing the US Constitution. Effective limitations include the other branches of government, Judiciary and legislature, due to their effective checks and balances on the executive branch in avoiding a tyrannical government. In addition, the media has proven an effective limitation s their role in providing vital information does influence public opinion and affect political outcomes as well as the presidents reputation. Other constraints include pressure groups and offices of persuasion however due to their person agendas limiting presidential power is not a priority resulting in effective constraints by these administrations. Lastly, the idea of an imperial president can be disregarded as the president is as imperial as his constraints allow him to be. Mark Garnett argues in comparison that the unconfined I-J constitution gives too much power to the Prime Minister and that the 2003 reshuffle underlined this problem rather than tackle it.